Always connect—that is the imperative of today’s media. But what about those moments when media cease to function properly, when messages go beyond the send

“Excommunication.” To our modern ears, the very word evokes something dark and foreboding, something out-of-place in contemporary society. Many associate ex

This book focuses on excommunication, outlawry, and the connections between them in medieval Icelandic legal and literary sources. It argues that outlawry was a